The Components of On-Grid Solar Power Systems

  • Browse 11076

The Components of On-Grid Solar Power Systems

On-grid solar systems, also known as grid-tied systems, are becoming increasingly common in homes and businesses. They connect right to the public electricity grid, so you generate power and send any extra back. This lowers your bills and helps the planet. Plus, they're easy to install and require very little maintenance. If you're thinking about solar, it's a pretty appealing option.

Understanding the key components of an on-grid solar system is important. Please spend time learning what each piece of a system does and how it supports your energy generation.

This guide will provide you with a clear understanding of grid-connected solar systems. This information will help you determine if this type of system is a good fit for your needs.

What is On-Grid Solar Systems?

On-grid solar systems harness sunlight to generate electricity while maintaining a connection to the power grid. Instead of storing excess energy in batteries, this approach exports surplus electricity to the utility grid. For locations with consistent power supply and minimal outages, you'll find this solution particularly effective. Residential, educational, industrial, and commercial properties often use these systems as their primary electricity source.

These systems go by several names:

● On-grid solar system
● Grid-connect solar system
● Grid-connected solar system
● Grid-intertied solar system
● Grid-direct solar system

An on-grid system prioritizes powering your home/business with solar energy. When your solar production exceeds immediate needs, surplus electricity flows back to the grid. If generation falls short, additional power is drawn from the utility network, ensuring a continuous and reliable electricity supply.

How Does On-Grid Solar Power Plant Work?

When solar panels are placed in a spot with good sunlight, they absorb the light and produce DC electricity. The inverter changes the DC into AC so you can power your home's devices. If panels generate more power than you're using, the surplus flows to the grid, powering other homes and businesses.

A net meter records the power you send to the grid and the power you take from it. At the end of the month, you see net usage, and you pay for what you've actually drawn.

Net metering credits you for the excess solar energy sent to the utility grid. This approach often leads to reduced utility costs and sometimes even eliminates monthly charges. Many utility companies support net metering, so consider what options your utility provides as you plan your grid-tied solar system.

Grid-Tied vs. Off-Grid Solar Systems

Difference between grid-connected and off-grid solar systems

Grid-tied solar systems connect to the utility grid, while off-grid systems operate independently, without a grid connection. Off-grid setups rely on battery storage to keep extra energy generated during daylight, so you still have power at night or when sunlight is low. In contrast, grid-connected systems tap into the utility grid for backup and storage. This approach often proves more practical and convenient. The table below highlights a few key differences:

AspectOn-GridOff-Grid
Connection to GridConnects to the power grid and sends surplus power back. Draws power from the grid when panels are not producing.Operates independently, no grid connection. Uses stored power when solar generation is not enough.
Energy StorageDoes not rely on batteries, the grid provides energy when sunlight is limited.Uses batteries to store energy for nighttime or cloudy days, ensuring continuous power.
CostGenerally less expensive, no battery costs or related equipment needed.Typically more costly, due to batteries and additional infrastructure.
MaintenanceLess maintenance required, no battery system upkeep.Requires more frequent maintenance, to manage and maintain battery systems.
Assurance of EnergyRelies on a stable grid for service, though outages can occur.Depends on stored energy and weather, insufficient storage or long periods without sunlight cause shortages.

Key Components of an On-Grid Solar System

Solar Panels

Structure of solar panels

Solar panels, also called modules, are built with solar cells, framing, and glass. They capture sunlight, turning it into DC power. This DC power is then sent to an inverter or a charge controller.

You'll find two common types of solar cells: polycrystalline and monocrystalline. The difference lies in how the silicon crystals are formed, giving each a different look. Solar panels often come with a 25-year performance warranty. Typically, the first 10-12 years cover 90% performance, while the remaining 15 years cover 80%.

You might also like: What Is the Difference between Monofacial and Bifacial Solar Panels?

Module Mounting Structure

Mibet Pitched Roof Solar Mounting Structure

The structure that holds your solar panels, made from aluminum or galvanized iron, needs to last just as long as your panels—around 25 years.

Racking systems usually include rails, flashings, lugs, mounting brackets, wire clips, splice kits, braces, end caps, attachments, and tilt legs. If your system is on the ground, you'll also need concrete and steel piping for the racking kit. A sound and reliable structure is a key part of any solar setup.

Mibet delivers high-quality, reliable PV mounts and systems for large-scale solar power plants worldwide. Click here to learn about our solar mounting structures.

Solar Grid-Tie Inverter

Solar Grid-tie Inverter Array
Source: Roman Zaiets/Shutterstock.com

Inverters are a crucial part of the system, often containing built-in charge controllers to manage power. Inverters change the DC power from your panels into usable AC power.

These inverters come in different sizes and use various technologies to efficiently produce AC power. The most common types are string inverters, central inverters, microinverters, and battery-based inverters. Each has its own specific design and function.

String inverters connect a row of panels to one of several strings within the inverter. Microinverters, on the other hand, attach to the back of each panel or every other panel, converting energy per module into AC. Each type of inverter has its benefits for different applications.

DC Cables

DC Cables

These cables carry the power from your solar panels. They are designed to withstand extreme temperatures, rain, and other weather. They are made to last outdoors.

Wires are usually aluminum or copper, solid or stranded, and insulated. They are color-coded for safety, allowing a system operator to easily identify different wires like positive, negative, and ground.

Bi-Directional Meters

Bi-Directional Meters

Bi-directional meters measure electricity flow both ways—to your home and back to the grid. With net metering, you receive credit for any extra power your solar system sends to the grid. You're then only billed for the net electricity used each period.

Your utility provider usually handles the installation of a bi-directional meter. You benefit from reduced electricity bills and the ability to offset costs by selling excess solar power back to the grid.

Balance of System (BoS)

The Balance of System covers all the other parts needed to install and run a solar power system.

Switchboards and Junction Boxes: These handle electrical connections and keep the system safe from the weather. It's important that they are weatherproof and meet local electrical codes.
Earthing Systems: Grounding your system protects against electrical surges and helps ensure safety. This reduces the risk of electric shocks and fires.
Circuit Breakers and Fuses: These parts protect your system from overloads and electrical problems. Use circuit breakers and fuses that match your system's specifications.
Lightning Protection: If you're in an area with lots of lightning, it's important to protect your system from strikes. Lightning arrestors safeguard your solar panels and other parts.

How Much Does a Grid-Tied Solar System Cost?

The cost of a grid-tied solar system can fluctuate depending on several factors, but here's a general idea of what you can expect:

Typical Costs

Residential Systems: Usually range from $15,000 to $30,000 before incentives. This is based on a typical system size of 5 to 10 kilowatts (kW).
Commercial Systems: These can range from $100,000 to $500,000 or even more, depending on the size and unique needs of your business.

Factors That Affect Cost

1. System Size: Larger systems, which generate more power, will have a higher initial cost, though they can lead to better savings over time.
2. Location: Installation costs can vary by region, due to differences in labor costs, permit fees, and local rules.
3. Equipment Quality: Higher-efficiency panels and more durable inverters can mean a higher initial cost, but often provide better performance and last longer.
4. Installation Complexity: The type of roof, its angle, and whether there are obstructions can increase installation difficulty and related costs.
5. Permits and Inspections: Local building codes and fees for permits can add to the total cost.

Incentives and Rebates

Federal Tax Credit: In the United States, the federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) lets you deduct a portion of the installation cost from your federal taxes. As of August 2022, this credit was extended by Congress, increasing it to 30% for installations from 2022 through 2032.
State and Local Incentives: Many states and cities offer additional rebates, tax credits, or other incentives that can greatly lower your overall costs.
Net Metering: This allows you to get credit for extra energy your system produces, reducing your electricity bills.

Return on Investment (ROI)

Payback Period: Most grid-tied solar systems pay for themselves within 5 to 15 years. This time frame depends on your energy usage, local electricity prices, and available incentives.
System Lifespan: Solar panels typically have a 25-year warranty, while inverters usually last around 10 to 15 years.

Financing Options

Cash Purchase: This provides the best return on investment, but it does require significant upfront money.
Loans: Many banks and credit unions offer solar loans with good terms.
Leases and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): These allow you to have a solar system installed with little to no money down, but you might see lower financial benefits compared to owning the system.

Choosing the Right Solar System for You

Investing in a grid-tied solar system can bring noticeable savings on your electricity bills and support a more sustainable environment. A basic grid-tied system is often the most budget-friendly option. These systems provide a good return on investment because of their straightforward design and lower initial cost.

However, a hybrid system can be a better fit for some, particularly if you deal with frequent power outages. If energy independence and maximizing renewable energy use are priorities for you, a solar panel system with battery storage could be ideal.

Off-grid systems, while less practical for most homeowners, work well for remote locations or mountain cabins.

Reaching out to local solar companies is the way to figure out the right solar system for your specific needs. They have the knowledge to recommend the right system for your area and help you get the most out of your solar panels.


Ready to discuss your solar project?
Click to submit your solar mounting system project information, we will contact you as soon as possible.
Enquiry
Online Enquiry
Submit your information, we will contact with you as soon as possible.
Xiamen Mibet New Energy Co., Ltd.
Address:No. 45 Sushan Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, China. 361024 Fax:+86-592-6771575
FOLLOW US
Tel:+86-592-3754999 Email:sales@mbt-energy.com Afters-sales service:service@mbt-energy.com
Top